COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEEDS IN NATIONAL RAILWAY SYSTEMS

Abstract

Annotation: The increasing globalization of railway operations and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into railway control systems have significantly expanded the functional role of English within national railway systems. This study provides an academic comparative analysis of English language needs across national railway systems with different levels of technological development. Building on earlier research on English in AI-based railway control systems and professionally oriented English instruction in railway technical education, the article examines linguistic competencies required for operational communication, technical documentation, safety management, and professional training. The findings indicate that English proficiency functions as a strategic competence that directly influences operational safety, technological efficiency, and international collaboration in the railway sector.