TADBIRKORLIK SUB’EKTLARIDA ISO VA HACCP KABI XALQARO STANDARTLAR ASOSIDA MAHSULOT IShLAB ChIQARIShNI JORIY ETIShDAGI DOLZARB MUAMMOLAR

Abstract

Annotatsiya. Xalqaro standartlar (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, HACCP va boshqalar) asosida ishlab chiqarishni tashkil etish mahsulot sifati, xavfsizligi va bozorga chiqish imkoniyatlarini oshiradi. Biroq rivojlanayotgan hududlarda, ayniqsa kichik biznes ulushi yuqori bo‘lgan iqtisodiyotlarda standartlarni joriy etish jarayoni turli barerlar bilan cheklanadi. Ushbu maqolada Namangan viloyati misolida tadbirkorlik sub’ektlarida xalqaro standartlar asosida mahsulot ishlab chiqarishni joriy etishga to‘sqinlik qiluvchi omillar adabiyotlar asosida tizimlashtirildi va rasmiy statistik hamda me’yoriy-huquqiy hujjatlar asosida hududiy kontekstga mos ravishda ustuvor to‘siqlar tahlil qilindi. Tahlil natijalari moliyaviy resurslar taqchilligi, malakali kadrlar va bilim yetishmasligi, hujjatlashtirish/audit yuklamasi, ishlab chiqarish-texnologik bazaning yetarli emasligi, muvofiqlikni baholash infratuzilmasi (laboratoriya/sertifikatlash) bilan bog‘liq muammolar hamda bozor talabining cheklanganligi kabi barerlar o‘zaro bog‘liq tizim ekanini ko‘rsatadi. Xulosada Namangan viloyati sharoitida standartlar joriy etilishini tezlashtirish uchun klaster va tarmoq kesimida “birgalikda sertifikatlash”, o‘quv–konsalting ekotizimini kuchaytirish, laboratoriya xizmatlari qamrovini kengaytirish va davlat dastaklarini (axborot tizimlari, malaka oshirish, laboratoriyalarni xalqaro talablarga moslashtirish) mahalliy darajada “maqsadli” yo‘naltirish tavsiya etildi.

Annotatsiya. Organizatsiya proizvodstva na osnove mejdunarodnыx standartov (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, HACCP i dr.) povыshaet kachestvo produksii, bezopasnost i vozmojnosti vыxoda na rыnok. Odnako v razvivayuщixsya regionax, osobenno v stranax s vыsokoy doley malogo biznesa, protsess vnedreniya standartov ogranichen razlichnыmi barerami. V dannoy state na primere Namanganskoy oblasti na osnove literaturы sistematizirovanы faktorы, prepyatstvuyuщie vnedreniyu proizvodstva produksii na osnove mejdunarodnыx standartov v sub’ektax predprinimatelstva, i proanalizirovanы prioritetnыe prepyatstviya v sootvetstvii s territorialnыm kontekstom na osnove ofitsialnoy statistiki i normativnыx pravovыx aktov. Rezultatы analiza pokazыvayut, chto barerami yavlyayutsya vzaimosvyazannыe sistemы, takie kak nexvatka finansovыx resursov, nexvatka kvalifitsirovannogo personala i znaniy, nagruzka na dokumentatsiyu/audit, nedostatochnaya proizvodstvenno-texnologicheskaya baza, problemы s infrastrukturoy otsenki sootvetstviya (laboratoriya/sertifikatsiya) i ogranichennыy rыnochnыy spros. V zaklyuchenii bыlo rekomendovano uskorit vnedrenie standartov v usloviyax Namanganskoy oblasti, “sovmestnuyu sertifikatsiyu” na stыke klastera i seti, ukrepit ekosistemu obucheniya i konsultirovaniya, rasshirit oxvat laboratornыx uslug i “selenapravlenno” orientirovat gosudarstvennыe rыchagi (informatsionnыe sistemы, povыshenie kvalifikatsii, adaptatsiya laboratoriy k mejdunarodnыm trebovaniyam) na mestnom urovne.

Annotation. Organization of production under international standards (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, HACCP, etc. However, the process of introducing standards in developing regions, especially in economies with a high share of small businesses, is limited to various barriers. In this article, on the example of the Namangan region, the factors that prevent the introduction of production in business entities on the basis of international standards were systematized on the basis of literature, and priority barriers were analyzed in accordance with the territorial context on the basis of official statistics and regulatory legal acts. The results of the analysis indicate that such barriers as a deficit of financial resources, lack of qualified personnel and knowledge, documentation/audit load, insufficient production-technological base, problems with compliance assessment Infrastructure (Laboratory/certification) and limited market demand are an interconnected system. In conclusion, in order to accelerate the introduction of standards in the conditions of the Namangan region, it was recommended to “jointly certify” in the cluster and network cross–section, strengthen the educational and consulting ecosystem, expand the coverage of laboratory services and “target” state supports (Information Systems, Professional Development, adaptation of laboratories to international requirements) at the local level.