SOFT POWER AND DIGITAL DIPLOMACY: NEW DIMENSIONS OF U.S.–CHINA RIVALRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

This article analyzes the evolving nature of strategic competition between the United States and China in the 21st century, focusing on the critical domains of soft power and digital diplomacy. Moving beyond traditional hard power metrics, modern rivalry is increasingly centered on the ability to shape narratives, influence global public opinion, and control digital infrastructure. By employing a comparative analysis of American and Chinese strategies—including Confucius Institutes, the Digital Silk Road, “Wolf Warrior” diplomacy, and U.S. digital engagement—the study highlights both opportunities and challenges in the age of global interconnectivity. The findings suggest that soft power in the digital era is increasingly intertwined with elements of “sharp power,” raising critical questions about transparency, values, and long-term legitimacy in international politics.