MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF GLAUCOMA

Abstract

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. The disease is characterized by structural damage to the optic nerve head and corresponding visual field defects, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent vision loss. This article reviews modern diagnostic methods, including optical coherence tomography and visual field testing, as well as current medical, laser, and surgical treatment strategies for glaucoma. Emphasis is placed on individualized patient management and the role of innovative technologies in improving clinical outcomes.