ADVANCES IN MODERN SURGERY AND THEIR IMPACT ON PATIENT OUTCOMES

Abstract

Surgery is a fundamental branch of medicine that plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases and injuries. Over recent decades, significant advances in surgical techniques, anesthesia, and perioperative care have improved patient outcomes and reduced complications. This article reviews modern surgical approaches, including minimally invasive surgery, enhanced recovery protocols, and technological innovations. The impact of these advances on patient safety, recovery time, and overall quality of care is discussed. The findings highlight the importance of evidence-based practice and continuous innovation in modern surgical care.