TEACHING COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES EFFECTIVELY TO STUDENTS: METHODS, RESULTS, AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Carbohydrates represent one of the most fundamental yet challenging topics in chemistry and biology education. Despite their critical role in cellular energy production and structural integrity, students often struggle to understand the distinction between simple and complex carbohydrates, particularly regarding molecular structure, chemical bonds, and biological functions. Traditional teaching methods relying solely on textbook definitions have proven insufficient in fostering deep conceptual understanding. This study investigates the effectiveness of simplified visual representations, hands-on demonstrations, and interactive learning strategies in making complex carbohydrate concepts accessible to secondary school students. Our hypothesis posits that integrating multiple sensory-based learning approaches will significantly improve student comprehension and retention of complex carbohydrate chemistry compared to conventional lecture-based instruction.