ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY FOR THE DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CHRONIC TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE

Abstract

Abstract: Chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) is the most prevalent primary headache disorder, marked by persistent, long-duration pain episodes that significantly affect daily functioning. Electroencephalography (EEG), as a non-invasive and widely accessible neurodiagnostic tool, enables the evaluation of cortical activity and the detection of functional brain alterations associated with CTTH. This article reviews current EEG findings in CTTH, focusing on characteristic modifications in brain rhythms, including alterations in alpha, beta, and theta activity that may reflect impaired cortical regulation and heightened muscle–brain feedback mechanisms. In addition, potential EEG-based diagnostic criteria are discussed, along with emerging evidence on the utility of EEG biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic responses. Overall, the integration of EEG into CTTH diagnostics offers promising prospects for enhancing clinical assessment accuracy and tailoring treatment approaches based on individualized neurophysiological profiles.