THE IMPACT OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ON THE HUMAN BODY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ORAL CAVITY HEALTH

Abstract

Smoking and alcohol consumption represent major modifiable behavioral factors that continue to pose serious threats to global public health. The toxic constituents of tobacco smoke and alcoholic beverages exert systemic effects, contributing to the development of cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and immune-related disorders. The oral cavity is particularly susceptible to these influences, as it constitutes the primary anatomical site of direct and prolonged exposure to harmful chemical agents.