GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OF DENTAL DISEASES: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF ORAL HEALTH DISTRIBUTION

Abstract

Dental diseases remain among the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide, yet their distribution varies markedly across geographical regions. Environmental exposure, climate, water mineral content, dietary traditions, access to dental services, and socioeconomic status collectively shape regional oral health profiles. This study investigates the prevalence and patterns of major dental diseases—dental caries, periodontal disorders, fluorosis, and oral mucosal lesions—across distinct geographical settings. Using clinical examination records, patient questionnaires, and laboratory water analyses, regional differences were evaluated and statistically compared. The results demonstrate that rural areas with limited preventive care and low socioeconomic indices exhibit higher caries and periodontal disease rates, whereas regions with elevated natural fluoride levels show increased dental fluorosis prevalence. These findings emphasize the importance of geographically tailored public health strategies and resource allocation in dentistry.