THE CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND ITS LEGAL FOUNDATIONS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY BASED ON THE IMRAD STRUCTURE

Abstract

Criminal liability is a cornerstone of every legal system, representing the legal responsibility of individuals or entities for actions that constitute crimes under national or international law. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept of criminal liability, focusing on its theoretical and legal foundations. Using the IMRAD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), the study explores the essential elements of criminal liability, such as actus reus and mens rea, the conditions for liability, and the modern challenges affecting its application in evolving legal environments. Comparative insights from various legal systems, including Uzbekistan, are included to deepen the understanding of how criminal responsibility is interpreted and enforced globally. The research concludes by emphasizing the need for continual reform and harmonization of criminal laws to meet the demands of justice in contemporary societies.