THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN KIDNEY STONE DISEASE

Abstract

Kidney stone disease (urolithiasis) remains one of the most significant challenges in contemporary urology, with metabolic, genetic, inflammatory, and molecular factors playing crucial roles in its development. In recent years, oxidative stress has been recognized as one of the key pathogenic mechanisms involved in both stone formation and disease progression. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species leads to damage of cellular membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids, thereby impairing the functional integrity of renal epithelial cells. By promoting inflammatory responses, crystal adhesion to the epithelium, and fibrotic remodeling, oxidative stress creates a favorable microenvironment for stone formation. This study analyzes the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in kidney stone disease. The available evidence suggests that oxidative stress markers may serve as promising biomarkers for predicting disease progression and recurrence.