MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF UROSEPSIS

Abstract

Urosepsis is one of the most severe complications of urinary tract infections, characterized by systemic inflammatory responses and organ dysfunction, and is associated with high mortality rates in urological practice. The development of urosepsis involves multiple interacting mechanisms, including microbial virulence factors, innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammatory mediators, and endothelial dysfunction. The transition from a localized infection to a systemic pathological process is accompanied by cytokine cascade activation, immune cell dysregulation, microcirculatory disturbances, and metabolic imbalance. These alterations may ultimately result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This study analyzes the principal molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the development of urosepsis. A comprehensive understanding of urosepsis pathogenesis is essential for improving early diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and targeted therapeutic strategies.