ALALIYA TURLARI VA ORAL APRAKSIYASI
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: alaliya, motor alaliya, sensor alaliya, aralash alaliya, og‘zaki apraksiya, verbal apraksiya, fonologik tizim, semantik tizim, auditor-motor integratsiya, neyrolingvistika, Key words: alalia, motor alalia, sensory alalia, mixed alalia, oral apraxia, speech praxis, phonological deficit, semantic deficit, neurobiology of languageAbstract
Annotatsiya. Ushbu ilmiy maqolada alaliya turlari (motor, sensor va aralash shakllar) hamda og‘zaki apraksiyaning neyrolingvistik, klinik, neyropsixologik va psixolingvistik asoslari keng yoritiladi. Nutqning kechikib rivojlanishi yoki shakllanmasligiga sabab bo‘luvchi miya po‘stlog‘i jarohatlari, fonologik tizimning buzilishi, semantik tizimning yetilmasligi, grammatik strukturalarni hosil qilishdagi uzilishlar chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Og‘zaki apraksiya va alaliyaning differensial diagnostik belgilariga alohida e’tibor qaratilib, nutqiy praksis, artikulyator motor dasturlari, auditor-motor integratsiya buzilishlari, fonematik tahlil jarayonlarining neyrobiologik mexanizmlari ilmiy manbalar asosida ko‘rib chiqiladi.
Abstract. This article provides an extensive neurolinguistic, clinical, and psycholinguistic analysis of the main types of alalia (motor, sensory, and mixed forms) and oral apraxia. It addresses cortical speech network lesions, phonological processing deficits, semantic underdevelopment, and grammatical impairments underlying delayed or absent speech development. Special focus is given to differential diagnostic markers between alalia and oral apraxia, articulatory praxis dysfunction, articulatory motor planning disorders, auditory-motor integration failure, and neurobiological mechanisms of phonemic processing, supported by contemporary neuroscientific research.
