CHALLENGES IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

Abstract

Teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) is a multifaceted field influenced by linguistic, cultural, cognitive, technological, and institutional factors. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the major challenges faced by ESL educators worldwide. It explores linguistic barriers, cultural and socioeconomic influences, psychological factors, curriculum constraints, and technological integration. The article further discusses effective pedagogical strategies and the critical role of teacher training. Drawing upon extensive scholarly literature, this review aims to provide insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers to enhance ESL teaching practices.