PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS: DETECTION OPPORTUNITIES AND INITIAL ACTION PLAN
Keywords:
Congenital heart defects, prenatal diagnosis, fetal echocardiography, antenatal screening, ultrasound of the fetus, perinatal management, genetic counseling, perinatal cardiology, action plan, multidisciplinary approach.Abstract
This article examines modern approaches to prenatal (antenatal) diagnosis of congenital heart defects (CHD) in the fetus. It emphasizes the key role of prenatal screening in the early detection of heart abnormalities, which directly impacts postnatal prognosis and survival. The article analyzes the diagnostic capabilities of different ultrasound techniques (first and second trimester screening, fetal echocardiography), as well as the potential of additional methods (genetic testing, magnetic resonance imaging). A structured initial action plan for healthcare providers and families upon detection of a suspected heart defect is presented. This includes stages of further verification, genetic counseling, multidisciplinary consultation (perinatologist, pediatric cardiologist, cardiac surgeon), and planning for delivery in a specialized perinatal center. Early diagnosis and a clear action plan can optimize perinatal management, improve surgical outcomes, and provide crucial psychological preparation for parents.
