TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL): CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

Abstract

Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a complex educational endeavor that involves linguistic, cognitive, socio‑cultural, and motivational dynamics. Despite English’s global significance, many EFL programs struggle to achieve desired learner outcomes due to a range of challenges including limited target language exposure, diverse student proficiency, inadequate instructional resources, and motivational barriers. This paper comprehensively examines key challenges in EFL contexts and proposes evidence‑based solutions derived from communicative pedagogy, technology integration, learner‑centered instruction, and culturally responsive teaching. Drawing on recent research and best practices, the study emphasizes the role of motivation, authentic materials, interactive tasks, and formative assessment in promoting language acquisition. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for educators, curriculum designers, and policy makers aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of EFL instruction across varied educational settings.