A LARGE PROPORTION OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES DIE AS A RESULT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread chronic diseases worldwide, and its complications remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Among these complications, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Numerous studies have demonstrated that people with diabetes are two to four times more likely to develop coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease compared to those without diabetes. The underlying mechanisms involve a combination of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, all of which contribute to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.

In diabetic individuals, prolonged high blood glucose levels damage blood vessels and the heart muscle, accelerating the development of atherosclerotic plaques. As a result, the risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death significantly increases. Moreover, hypertension and obesity, which often accompany diabetes, further worsen cardiovascular outcomes. Preventive strategies such as maintaining optimal blood sugar levels, adopting a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and using appropriate medications like statins and antihypertensives are crucial to reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.

Early detection and management of both diabetes and its cardiovascular complications are essential to improve quality of life and life expectancy. Physicians should emphasize patient education, regular monitoring, and lifestyle modifications to minimize long-term damage. In conclusion, most deaths among diabetic patients are not due to hyperglycemia itself but to cardiovascular complications. Therefore, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach focusing on cardiovascular protection is fundamental in diabetes care and management.