NATIONAL AND CULTURAL CHARACTERICTICS OF ECONOMIC TERMS AND THEIR TRANSLATION CHALLENGES

Abstract

This article explores the national and cultural characteristics of economic terminology and analyzes the major challenges that arise in the process of translating economic terms from one language into another. Economic terminology is closely connected not only with language but also with the historical development, social structure, legal system, and cultural values of a particular country. Each nation forms its own economic concepts based on its institutional environment, market traditions, and socio-economic policies. As a result, many economic terms carry culturally specific meanings that cannot always be translated through direct lexical equivalence.The study focuses on the linguistic and extralinguistic factors that influence the translation of economic texts. Special attention is given to problems such as the absence of equivalent terms in the target language, semantic differences between seemingly similar concepts, culture-bound terminology, institutional names, and nationally specific economic practices. The research also examines the role of background knowledge and intercultural competence in understanding the conceptual meaning behind economic terms.Various translation strategies are analyzed, including borrowing (transliteration), calque, descriptive translation, adaptation, generalization, and the use of functional equivalents. The article emphasizes that the choice of strategy depends on the purpose of the text, the target audience, and the level of specialization. Accurate translation of economic terminology requires not only linguistic competence but also a deep understanding of economic theory, national economic systems, and cultural context.The findings of the study highlight the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to economic translation and demonstrate that effective translation contributes to successful international communication, academic exchange, and global economic cooperation.