VERBESINA ENCELIOIDES: AN INVASIVE SPECIES WITH SIGNIFICANT THERAPEUTIC AND AGROECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

Abstract

Verbesina encelioides (wild sunflower or golden crownbeard), a member of the Asteraceae family, is a rapidly spreading invasive annual herb native to the United States and Mexico. Over recent decades, it has expanded across Asia, Africa, Europe, and India, particularly dominating arid and semi-arid regions. Its strong invasive capacity is largely attributed to its high reproductive efficiency, with seed germination rates reaching approximately 80%. Despite its ecological impact and competition with native flora, the species has gained scientific interest due to its rich phytochemical composition and diverse biological activities. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides, contributing to antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, nematocidal, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, its allelopathic and phytotoxic potential suggests promising applications in the development of eco-friendly bioherbicides. This article summarizes current knowledge regarding the distribution, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and agroecological relevance of V. encelioides, highlighting its dual role as both an ecological threat and a valuable bioresource.