EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION: CONCEPT AND TYPES

Abstract

This article discusses the concept of equivalence, which is considered one of the important notions in translation studies. It examines the development and types of equivalence, as well as the views of both international and Uzbek scholars on this issue. The article also analyzes the role of equivalence in the translation process. In particular, different types of equivalence — such as formal, dynamic, semantic, stylistic, and pragmatic equivalence — are systematically analyzed based on the perspectives of various scholars and explained through relevant examples. Furthermore, the article explores the difficulties translators face in achieving equivalence during the translation process.