THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE APPROACHES IN LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESSES: A PRACTICE-INFORMED STUDY

Abstract

Language learning is often described as a social process; however, its foundation lies in cognitive mechanisms such as attention, memory, and information processing. This study explores the role of cognitive approaches in language learning processes, focusing on how mental engagement influences comprehension, retention, and language production. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through classroom observations, reflective teaching journals, and learner feedback. The findings indicate that learners retain and use language more effectively when they actively process information through meaningful tasks, guided support, and structured repetition. The study highlights the importance of integrating cognitive principles with communicative approaches to create balanced and effective learning environments. Practical implications for teachers and curriculum designers are also discussed.