ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE INFECTION IN CHILDREN: EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION

Abstract

This article examines the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern diagnostic methods, and prevention strategies of hookworm disease caused by Ancylostoma duodenale in children. Hookworm infection remains one of the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminthiases globally, with an estimated 700 million people affected worldwide, predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions with poor sanitation. The parasite causes significant iron-deficiency anemia, protein malnutrition, and impaired physical and cognitive development, particularly in school-age children. This paper reviews the life cycle of A. duodenale, its pathogenic mechanisms, the spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from cutaneous larva migrans to severe chronic anemia, available diagnostic tools, and evidence-based treatment protocols. The importance of integrated control programs combining mass drug administration, improved sanitation, and health education is highlighted as the most effective approach to reducing the burden of ancylostomiasis in endemic communities.