MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE KIDNEYS UNDER HYPOPARATHYROID CONDITIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Keywords:
Hypoparathyroidism, kidney, renal function, morphology, calcium-phosphate metabolism, nephrocalcinosis, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorptionAbstract
Hypoparathyroidism (HPT) is an endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone, leading to disturbances in calcium–phosphate metabolism and significant systemic consequences. Among target organs, the kidneys play a central role in maintaining mineral homeostasis and are particularly vulnerable to hormonal imbalance.
This review aims to analyze current scientific evidence regarding morphofunctional changes in the kidneys under hypoparathyroid conditions. A comprehensive analysis of approximately 20 relevant international publications was conducted, focusing on renal physiology, calcium–phosphate metabolism, and histopathological alterations.
The findings indicate that parathyroid hormone deficiency leads to impaired calcium reabsorption, hypercalciuria, phosphate retention, and progressive renal dysfunction. Morphological studies reveal structural alterations such as tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerular changes. In addition, long-term hypoparathyroidism is associated with complications including nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and reduced glomerular filtration rate.
The integration of clinical and experimental data highlights the multifactorial nature of renal damage in hypoparathyroidism, involving metabolic, hemodynamic, and structural mechanisms.
In conclusion, hypoparathyroidism significantly affects renal morphofunctional status and represents an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Further research is required to improve early diagnosis and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
