SCOLIOSIS: ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT METHODOLOGIES

Abstract

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine characterized by lateral curvature and vertebral rotation. Etiologies are heterogeneous and include congenital malformations, neuromuscular disorders, syndromic conditions and the common adolescent idiopathic form. Early detection and risk-stratified management — ranging from observation and physiotherapy to bracing and corrective surgery — are critical to limit progression and preserve respiratory and psychosocial function. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment modalities, with emphasis on evidence-based decision points for adolescents.