UZBEKISTAN’S INDEPENDENCE AND MODERNIZATION PROCESS:A HISTORICAL,POLITICAL,AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Abstract

This article analyzes Uzbekistan’s post-independence development from historical, political, economic, and social perspectives. Since 1991, the strategies adopted to ensure state stability, restore national identity, and secure economic resilience, the political reforms during the presidencies of Islam Karimov and Shavkat Mirziyoyev, economic liberalization, digital transformation, transparent governance, international integration, and modernization processes are thoroughly examined. The article considers the policies of the two presidents as successive historical stages, highlighting the country’s sustainable development, human capital, innovation, and path toward global integration.