FLORA AND FAUNA, MINERAL AND RAW RESOURCES OF UZBEKISTAN: AN EXTENDED SCIENTIFIC REVIEW

Abstract

Uzbekistan, located in the heart of Central Asia, possesses a uniquely diverse natural environment characterized by rich biological resources and substantial mineral wealth. Its flora and fauna are shaped by contrasting geographical zones—from deserts and steppes to high mountainous ecosystems—supporting numerous endemic and relict species. In parallel, the country is one of the world’s leading regions in mineral availability, including significant reserves of gold, uranium, copper, natural gas, and rare metals. This paper examines the ecological composition of Uzbekistan’s flora and fauna, highlights species diversity, and analyzes the state of natural habitats and conservation efforts. Furthermore, it provides a detailed overview of the nation’s mineral and raw material resources, their economic significance, and current exploitation patterns. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable management of both biological and mineral resources to ensure long-term ecological and economic stability. The abstract is further supported by additional context regarding the historical development of ecological landscapes in Uzbekistan, the influence of climatic variability on species distribution, and the growing need for integrated national policy approaches that combine biodiversity conservation with industrial development. This extended perspective allows for a clearer understanding of the interdependent nature of ecological and economic systems in Uzbekistan.