G’ARBIY YEVROPADA ABSOLYUT MONARXIYALARNING VUJUDGA KELISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI.
Keywords:
Absolyut monarxiya, Markazlashtirish, Feodalizm tanazzuli, Davlat qurish, Ilohiy huquq, Byurokratiya, Suverenitet, Merkantilistik siyosat, Ma’rifat falsafasi, Mutlaq hokimiyatAbstract
Mazkur maqolada G’arbiy Yevropada absolyut monarxiyalarning vujudga kelishi va rivojlanishi IMRAD metodologiyasi asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot XV–XVIII asrlar oralig’ida Fransiya, Ispaniya va Angliyada absolyut monarxiyani yuzaga keltirgan siyosiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, mafkuraviy va institutsional omillarni o’rganadi. Birlamchi tarixiy manbalar, diplomatik hujjatlar va tarixshunoslik adabiyoti asosida tadqiqot shuni ko’rsatadiki, absolyutizm bir xil tarzda va to’satdan yuz bermagan, balki feodalizm tanazzuli, diniy mojarolar, markazlashgan byurokratiyalarning o’sishi va rivojlanayotgan siyosiy falsafa tomonidan shakllantirilgan bosqichma-bosqich jarayon bo’lgan. Absolyut monarxiya hokimiyatni sezilarli darajada markazlashtirgan bo’lsa-da, uning amaliy cheklovlari — qonun, urf-odat va oraliq ijtimoiy organlarning saqlanib qolishi bilan chegaralangan — uni zamonaviy totalitarizmdan tubdan farqladi. Maqola shuningdek absolyutizmning inqirozini uning o’z ichki qarama-qarshiliklari, moliyaviy haddan oshish va Ma’rifat siyosiy tafakkurining rivojlanishi bilan bog’liq ekanligini isbotlaydi.
References
1. Beik, W. (2005). The absolutism of Louis XIV as social collaboration. Past & Present, 188(1), 195–224.
2. Locke, J. (1988). Two treatises of government (P. Laslett, Ed.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1689)
3. Anderson, P. (1974). Lineages of the absolutist state. New Left Books.
4. Elias, N. (1983). The court society (E. Jephcott, Trans.). Pantheon Books.
5. Henshall, N. (1992). The myth of absolutism: Change and continuity in early modern European monarchy. Longman.
6. New Cambridge Modern History Editorial Board. (1970). The new Cambridge modern history (Vol. 5). Cambridge University Press.
7. Tuchman, B. W. (1978). A distant mirror: The calamitous 14th century. Alfred A. Knopf.
8. Elliott, J. H. (1963). Imperial Spain, 1469–1716. Edward Arnold.
9. Bossuet, J. B. (1990). Politics drawn from the very words of holy scripture (P. Riley, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1709)
10. Machiavelli, N. (1988). The prince (Q. Skinner & R. Price, Eds.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1532)
11. Collins, J. B. (1995). The state in early modern France. Cambridge University Press.
12. Parker, G. (1998). The grand strategy of Philip II. Yale University Press.
