O’PKA TO’QIMALARINING HAVO IFLOSLANISHIGA JAVOBAN GISTOLOGIK O’ZGARISHLARI
Keywords:
PM2.5, o‘pka to‘qimalari, gistologik o‘zgarishlar, alveolyar shikastlanish, oksidlovchi stress, yallig‘lanish, interstitsial fibroz, pnevmotsitlar.Abstract
Ushbu maqolada PM2.5 turkumiga mansub mayda zarrachalarning o‘pka to‘qimalariga ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri gistologik nuqtayi nazardan yoritildi. Havodagi ushbu zarrachalar o‘zining kichik o‘lchami tufayli alveolalargacha bemalol kirib borishi, epiteliy hujayralari membranasini shikastlashi, oksidlovchi stressni kuchaytirishi va yallig‘lanish jarayonlarini faollashtirishi bilan ajralib turadi. Tahlil jarayonida o‘pka to‘qimalarida alveolyar septalarning qalinlashuvi, II-tur pnevmotsitlarning proliferatsiyasi, interstitsial yallig‘lanish infiltrati, kapillyar endotelining shishishi, shuningdek kollagen tolalarining ortishi kabi morfologik belgilar aniqlangan. Ushbu o‘zgarishlar to‘qimalarda surunkali inflammasiya va fibroz jarayonlarining shakllanishiga zamin yaratadi. PM2.5 ta’siri ostida kechuvchi bu patologik mexanizmlar nafas yo‘llarining himoya funksiyasini susaytirib, surunkali obstruktiv o‘pka kasalligi, astmatik sindromlar va interstitsial fibroz rivojlanish xavfini oshiradi. Maqola ushbu jarayonlarning gistomorfologik asoslarini tizimli tahlil qilish orqali PM2.5ning o‘pkaga zarar yetkazish mexanizmlarini chuqurroq anglashga xizmat qiladi hamda ekologik omillarning sog‘liq uchun xavfliligini ilmiy asosda baholashga yordam beradi.
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