STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING LISTENING COMPREHENSION IN EFL LEARNERS

Abstract

Abstract. This article analyzes effective strategies and classroom techniques for developing listening comprehension in learners of English as a foreign language. Listening is treated not as passive reception of sound, but as an active process of prediction, decoding, interpretation, inference and evaluation. The article discusses metacognitive strategy training, pre-listening preparation, while-listening task design, post-listening reflection, bottom-up and top-down processing, extensive listening, authentic materials, note-taking, dictation, shadowing and digital listening resources.