DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING OF RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE BASED ON IOT AND SENSOR NETWORKS

Abstract

This article investigates the architecture, components, and effectiveness of a real-time railway infrastructure monitoring information system based on IoT sensor networks. The study proposes a sensor network for monitoring rail condition, bridge vibrations, switch positions, and environmental parameters using the Karshi—Termez section of the Uzbekistan railway system as a case study. The system architecture consists of three layers: sensor layer (LoRaWAN and NB-IoT), Edge Computing layer, and cloud analytics layer. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can detect faults an average of 72 hours earlier than traditional inspection methods. The economic efficiency of the system is projected to reduce maintenance costs by 34%.