COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT WHEN USING THE ICON SYSTEM TO ELIMINATE FOCAL DEMINERALIZATION AFTER REMOVAL OF THE BRACKET SYSTEM.
Abstract
Modern orthodontic treatment using fixed bracket systems effectively corrects malocclusions and dental misalignment; however, it is often associated with adverse effects on dental hard tissues. One of the most common complications is focal enamel demineralization, which develops as a result of impaired oral hygiene, plaque accumulation, and prolonged exposure to organic acids. Clinically, these changes manifest as matte white spots localized predominantly in the cervical region of the teeth. Traditional correction methods include remineralizing therapy, fluoride application, and enamel microabrasion. Despite their relative effectiveness, these approaches require prolonged treatment, do not always provide a pronounced esthetic effect, and are unable to completely halt the progression of early carious lesions. Consequently, there is growing interest in minimally invasive technologies aimed at preserving enamel structure and improving its optical properties without mechanical preparation.
References
1. Meyer-Lueckel H., Paris S., Kielbassa A. M. Caries infiltration—A micro-invasive treatment option for proximal caries. Dental Clinics of North America. 2010;54(3):479–493.
2. Paris S., Meyer-Lueckel H. Infiltrants inhibit progression of natural caries lesions in vitro. Journal of Dental Research. 2010;89(11):1276–1280.
3. Kielbassa A. M., Muller J., Gernhardt C. R. Closing the gap between oral hygiene and minimally invasive dentistry. International Dental Journal. 2009;59(1):3–11.
4. Yetkiner E., Wegehaupt F., Attin R., Attin T. Stain removal and color improvement of white spot lesions by infiltration. Quintessence International. 2014;45(9):769–775.
5. Knösel M., Eckstein A., Helms H. J. Durability of esthetic improvement following Icon resin infiltration of multibracket-induced white spot lesions. Angle Orthodontist. 2013;83(1):126–131.
6. Al-Batayneh O. B., Al-Khateeb S. N., Ibrahim Y. E. Effectiveness of resin infiltration in the management of white spot lesions. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2018;30(2):123–129.
7. Cazzolla A. P., De Franco A. R., Lacaita M. G. Resin infiltration technique for white spot lesions after orthodontic treatment. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2018;19(3):237–242.
8. Borges A. B., Caneppele T. M., Masterson D., Maia L. C. Is resin infiltration an effective esthetic treatment for enamel caries and white spot lesions? Journal of Dentistry. 2017;56:11–18.
9. Gugnani N., Pandit I. K., Gupta M. Comparative evaluation of resin infiltration and microabrasion on white spot lesions. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2019;31(2):149–156.
10. Akin M., Basciftci F. A. Can white spot lesions be treated effectively? Angle Orthodontist. 2012;82(5):770–775.
11. Enaia M., Bock N., Ruf S. White-spot lesions during multibracket appliance treatment: A challenge for clinical excellence. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2011;140(1):e17–e24.
12. Heymann H. O., Swift E. J., Ritter A. V. Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2019.
13. Featherstone J. D. B. The continuum of dental caries—Evidence for a dynamic disease process. Journal of Dental Research. 2004;83(Spec Iss C):C39–C42.
