KO’KRAK BEZI SARATON KASALLIGINI TASHXISLASHDA MAMMOGRAFIYA VA UZI IMKONYATLARINI BAHOLASH
Keywords:
Kalit so’zlar: ko’krak bezi saratoni, mammografiya, ultratovush tekshiruvi, erta tashxis, sezgirlik, spetsifiklik, zich to’qima, skrining, diagnostik samaradorlikAbstract
Anotatsiya: Ko’krak bezi saratoni dunyo bo’ylab ayollar orasida eng ko’p tarqalgan saraton turi bo’lib, har yili 2,3 million yangi holat qayd etiladi. Kasallikni erta bosqichda aniqlash o’lim ko’rsatkichini sezilarli darajada kamaytirishi ilmiy jihatdan isbotlangan. Hozirgi kunda klinik amaliyotda ko’krak bezi saratonini tashxislashning asosiy vizual usullari sifatida mammografiya va ultratovush tekshiruvi (UZI) keng qo’llanilmoqda. Ushbu maqolada mazkur ikki usulning diagnostik samaradorligi xalqaro ilmiy manbalar, meta-tahlillar va 2024 yil yangilangan klinik qo’llanmalar asosida qiyosiy baholangan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko’rsatdiki, mammografiyaning umumiy sezgirligi va spetsifikligi 78% ni tashkil etib, u 50 yoshdan katta va yog’li ko’krak to’qimali ayollar uchun oltin standart usul hisoblanadi hamda o’lim ko’rsatkichini 20–35% ga kamaytirishi isbotlangan. Biroq zich fibroglandulyar to’qimada mammografiyaning sezgirligi 23–61% gacha keskin pasayib ketishi uning asosiy kamchiligi hisoblanadi. UZIning umumiy sezgirligi 87% ni tashkil etib, 45 yoshdan kichik ayollarda bu ko’rsatkich 88% ga yetadi. Zich ko’krak to’qimali bemorlarda UZI 85,3% sezgirlik ko’rsatib, mammografiyadan (61,8%) statistik jihatdan ishonchli darajada ustun keladi. Shuningdek, UZI radiatsion ta’sir etmasligi, nisbatan arzonligi va resursi cheklangan mintaqalarda keng qo’llanilishi mumkinligi bilan ham ajralib turadi. Mammografiya esa spetsifiklik jihatidan (91,9%) UZIdan (75%) yuqori bo’lib, yolg’on-musbat natijalar sonini kamaytiradi. Shunday ekan, ikkala usul bir-birini to’ldiruvchi xususiyatga ega: mammografiya skrinig dasturlarida asosiy vosita bo’lib xizmat qilsa, UZI yosh ayollar, zich to’qimali bemorlar va mammografiya yetarli ma’lumot bermagan holatlarda qo’shimcha tashxis vositasi sifatida qo’llanilishi maqsadga muvofiq. Eng yuqori diagnostik aniqlikka erishish uchun usulni tanlashda bemorning yoshi, ko’krak to’qimasining zichligi va individual klinik ko’rsatmalar e’tiborga olinishi, zarur holatlarda esa ikkala usulni birgalikda qo’llash tavsiya etiladi.
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