OSHQOZON SARATONINI ERTA ANIQLASHDA ENDOSKOPIYA VA RENTGENNING AHAMIYATI
Keywords:
Kalit so`zlar: rentgen, endoskopiya, EUS, H.pylori, oshqozon saratoni, contrast modda.Abstract
Annotatsiya: H. pylori infeksiyasi oshqozon shilliq qavatining surunkali yallig‘lanishi, yara va oshqozon saratoni rivojlanishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Oshqozon saratoni bu oshqozon shilliq qavatidagi hujayralarning nazoratdan chiqib ketadigan darajada ko`payishi. Bunda hujayralar oshqoz devorini egallashi, ayrim hollarda limfa tugunlari va boshqa organlarga tarqalishi mumkin. Bu kasallikning dastlabki bosqichlarida hech qanday simptomlar bo`lmaydi. Keyinchalik og`riq, ishtahaning yo`qolishi, og`irlik hissi, ko`ngil aynishi, qorin shishishi kuzatiladi. Vaqt o`tishi bilan og`ir vazn yo`qotish, ich qotishi yoki ich ketishi, anemiya rivojlanadi. Kasallik qancha erta topilsa, davolash samaradorligi shuncha yuqori bo`ladi. Tekshirishda endoskopiya va rentgen asosiy tashxis usullari bo`lib xizmat qiladi. Qo`shimcha tekshirishda EUS dan foydalaniladi va bu o`smaning chuqurligi va limfa tugunlariga tarqalishini aniqlashda yordam beradi. Erta oshqozon saratoni (EGC) mintaqaviy limfa tugunlari metastazidan qat'i nazar, shilliq qavat yoki submukoza bilan chegaralangan oshqozon saratoni sifatida belgilanadi. Oshqozon saratonini skrining endoskopiyasining ko'payishi tufayli EGC ulushi ortib bormoqda; shuning uchun tanlangan EGClarni davolash usuli sifatida jarrohlik rezektsiyasidan endoskopik rezektsiyaga o'tish tezlashmoqda. EGClarni muvaffaqiyatli endoskopik rezektsiya qilish uchun EGClarni erta bosqichda aniqlash va o'smaning gistologik turini, invaziya chuqurligini va gorizontal chegaralarini aniq bashorat qilish muhimdir. EGClarning diagnostika jarayonini uch bosqichga bo'lish mumkin: mavjudlikni aniqlash, sifatli tashxis qo'yish va miqdoriy tashxis. EGClarning mavjudligini aniqlash asosan ikkita endoskopik topilmaga asoslangan: aniq chegaralangan lezyon va rang/sirt naqshidagi nosimmetriklik. Sifatli tashxis gistologik turni bashorat qilishni anglatadi, bu asosan lezyonning makroskopik shakli va rangiga asoslanib mumkin. EGClarning miqdoriy diagnostikasi makroskopik morfologiyani batafsil tekshirish orqali invaziya chuqurligini bashorat qilish va xromoendoskopiya yordamida gorizontal chegaralarni aniqlashdan iborat. Endosonografiya yoki kattalashtiruvchi endoskopiya kabi ilg'or diagnostika usullari EGClarning sifatli va miqdoriy diagnostikasi uchun foydali bo'lsa-da, bu usullar ko'pgina shifoxonalarda mavjud emas. Shuning uchun, muvaffaqiyatli endoskopik davolash uchun an'anaviy endoskopiya paytida EGClarni tizimli ravishda baholash juda muhimdir.
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