SUYAK O'SMALARINI TASHXISLASHDA RENTGENNING AHAMIYATI
Keywords:
Kalit so'zlar: suyak o'smalari, rentgenografiya, osteosarkoma, Ewing sarkomasi, xondrosarkoma, periosteal reaktsiya, Codman uchburchagi, benign o'sma, malign o'sma.Abstract
Ushbu maqola suyak o'smalarini tashxislashda rentgen tekshiruvining o'rni va ahamiyatini keng yoritishga bag'ishlangan. Suyak o'smalari – bu tez-tez uchrab turmaydigan, ammo asoratli va hayot uchun xavfli kasalliklar guruhiga kiradi. Ularning ko'pchiligi yosh bolalar va o'smirlarda, shuningdek keksa yoshdagi bemorlarda uchraydi. Zamonaviy tibbiyotda suyak o'smalarini erta aniqlash bemorlarda yashash sifatini oshirish va omon qolish darajasini yaxshilashda hal qiluvchi ahamiyat kasb etadi. Rentgen tekshiruvi – suyak o'smalarini dastlabki baholashda eng asosiy va keng tarqalgan usullardan biri bo'lib, u arzonga tushishi, keng tarqalganligi va amalga oshirishning soddaligi bilan ajralib turadi.
Ushbu maqolada 120 nafar bemor (2020–2023 yillar) ma'lumotlari tahlil qilingan. Bemorlar yoshi 7 yoshdan 72 yoshgacha bo'lib, ularning 68 nafari (56,7%) erkak va 52 nafari (43,3%) ayollar edi. Barcha bemorlarda rentgenografiya ikki proyeksiyada bajarildi; zarur hollarda kompyuter tomografiyasi (KT) va magnit-rezonans tomografiyasi (MRT) ham qo'llanildi. Tashxisning yakuniy tasdiqlanishi gistologik tekshiruv orqali amalga oshirildi.
Natijalar shuni ko'rsatdiki, rentgenning sezgirligi (sensitivlik) 91,6% va o'ziga xosligi (spetsifik) 44,4%ni tashkil etdi. Xavfli o'smalarda kuzatilgan asosiy rentgenologik belgilar: keng o'tish zonasi, korteks destruksiyasi, zararli periosteal reaktsiya (Codman uchburchagi, quyosh nuri ko'rinishi, «piyoz qobig'i») va yumshoq to'qimalar komponenti. Xavfsiz o'smalarda esa aniq chegaralar, sklerotik o'tish zonasi va me'yor doirasidagi periosteal reaktsiya kuzatildi. Maqolada rentgenologik tashxisning imkoniyatlari, cheklovlari va MRT hamda KT bilan birgalikda qo'llashning afzalliklari batafsil muhokama qilingan.
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