BUYRAK TOSH KASALLIGIDA KOMPYUTER TOMOGRAFIYANING DIAGNOSTIK AHAMIYATI
Keywords:
Kalit so'zlar: buyrak tosh kasalligi, kompyuter tomografiya, NCCT, diagnostika, urolithiasis, Hounsfield birliklari, DECTAbstract
Buyrak tosh kasalligi (nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis) — global miqyosda keng tarqalgan urologik patologiyalardan biri bo'lib, kasallarning hayot sifatini keskin pasaytiradi hamda sog'liqni saqlash tizimiga jiddiy moliyaviy yuk tug'diradi. So'nggi o'n yilliklarda bu kasallikning tarqalish ko'rsatkichi dunyo bo'ylab sezilarli darajada oshib bormoqda. Ushbu maqolada kompyuter tomografiyasining (KT) — xususan, kontrastsiz KT (NCCT) ning — buyrak tosh kasalligini aniqlashdagi diagnostik samaradorligi keng ko'rib chiqiladi.
Ushbu retrospektiv tadqiqotda 2020–2024 yillar oralig'ida klinikaga bellarda keskin og'riq (pochechnaiya kolika) shikoyati bilan murojaat qilgan 250 nafar bemor ma'lumotlari tahlil qilindi. Bemorlar yoshi, jinsi, tosh o'lchami, o'rni, Hounsfield birliklari (HU), obstruksiya darajasi va muqobil patologiyalarning aniqlash imkoniyatlari bo'yicha taqqoslama tadqiqot o'tkazildi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatdiki, NCCT usulining sezuvchanligi 96,4%, o'ziga xosligi esa 97,8% ni tashkil etdi — bu ko'rsatkichlar ultratovush (USG) va oddiy rentgen tekshiruvlariga qaraganda ancha yuqori. Hounsfield birliklari asosida toshlarning tarkibi (kalsiy oksalat, siyd kislotasi, struvit va boshqalar) haqida oldindan ma'lumot olish imkoni aniqlandi. Dual-energy KT (DECT) texnologiyasi esa tosh tarkibini belgilashda yanada aniqroq natija berishini tasdiqlaydi. KT ning keng diagnostik imkoniyatlari, tezkorligi va yuqori aniqligi uni buyrak tosh kasalligini diagnoz qo'yish hamda davolash taktikasini belgilashda oltin standart sifatida mustahkamlaydi.
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