ESKAPE PATOGENLARI VA ANTIBIOTIK REZISTENTLIGINING MOLEKULYAR MEXANIZMLARI
Keywords:
Kalit so’zlar: ESKAPE patogenlari, antibiotik rezistentligi, MRSA, karbapenem rezistentligi, β-laktamaza, biofilm, molekulyar mexanizmlar, shifoxona infektsiyalari, epidemiologiya.Abstract
Antibiotik rezistentligi XX asr oxiri va XXI asr boshida tibbiyotning eng muhim muammolaridan biriga aylandi. ESKAPE patogenlari guruhi — Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa va Enterobacter spp. — shifoxona infektsiyalarining asosiy qo’zg’atuvchilari sifatida global miqyosda keng tarqalgan. Ushbu maqolada ESKAPE patogenlarining antibiotik rezistentligini shakllantirishning molekulyar mexanizmlari, epidemiologik xususiyatlari, yoshi va jinsi bo’yicha taqsimlanishi hamda zamonaviy muolaja strategiyalari keng yoritilgan. Tadqiqot 2018–2024-yillar davomida nashr etilgan 87 ta xalqaro ilmiy manba, shuningdek O’zbekiston Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi ma’lumotlari asosida amalga oshirildi. Natijalar shuni ko’rsatdiki, ESKAPE infektsiyalari ko’proq 60 yoshdan oshgan erkak bemorlarda, immunosupressiya holatlari va invaziv tibbiy manipulyatsiyalar fonida kuzatiladi. Karbapenemga chidamli Klebsiella pneumoniae va metitsillinobardosh Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) hozirgi kunda shifoxona infektsiyalarining 38–45% ini tashkil etmoqda. Maqolada β-laktamazalar, efflux nasos tizimlari, biofilm hosil qilish va plazmid vositasidagi gorizontal gen transferi kabi asosiy rezistentlik mexanizmlari batafsil ko’rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, fag terapiyasi, CRISPR-Cas9 texnologiyasi va kombinatsion antibiotikoterapiya kabi istiqbolli yechimlar muhokama qilingan.
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