THE TYPES OF CORPORA: GENERAL , SPECIALIZED AND PARALLEL
Keywords:
Keywords: general corpus, specialized corpus, parallel corpus, corpus linguistics, translation studies, language analysis, computational linguistics.Abstract
Annotation: This paper explores three major types of corpora widely used in modern linguistic research: general corpora, specialized corpora, and parallel corpora. It provides a comprehensive overview of their characteristics, design principles, applications, and advantages within fields such as lexicography, computational linguistics, translation studies, discourse analysis, and language pedagogy. The study highlights how each corpus type contributes uniquely to linguistic inquiry while also demonstrating their complementary roles in empirical language analysis. Through comparing these corpora and examining notable examples, the paper emphasizes the importance of corpus-driven and corpus-based approaches in understanding language patterns and supporting technological innovations in the era of big data.
References
1. Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge University Press.
2. McEnery, T., & Hardie, A. (2012). Corpus Linguistics: Method, Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press.
3. Hunston, S. (2002). Corpora in Applied Linguistics. Cambridge University Press.
4. Baker, P. (2006). Using Corpora in Discourse Analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing.
5. Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford University Press.
6. Teubert, W., & Čermáková, A. (2007). Corpus Linguistics: A Short Introduction. Edinburgh University Press.
7. Bowker, L., & Pearson, J. (2002). Working with Specialized Language: A Practical Guide to Using Corpora. Routledge.
8. Tognini-Bonelli, E. (2001). Corpus Linguistics at Work. John Benjamins Publishing.
