SPINA BIFIDA – ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES AND MODERN MANAGEMENT
Keywords:
Keywords: spina bifida, myelomeningocele, neural tube defects, folic acid, hydrocephalus, fetal surgery.Abstract
Abstract: Spina bifida is a complex congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal column during early embryonic development. It is associated with significant neurological, orthopedic, and urological complications. This article reviews the etiology, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and modern management of spina bifida.
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