MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SPLENIC FIBROTIC PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH PM2.5 EXPOSURE
Keywords:
atmospheric air pollution, PM2.5, spleen, fibrosis, collagen fibers, morphological changes, immune system.Abstract
Atmospheric air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents a
significant global environmental and public health concern. Due to their small size,
PM2.5 particles easily penetrate the respiratory tract and enter the systemic circulation,
exerting adverse effects on various organs, including the immune system. The spleen,
as a central peripheral immune organ, is particularly sensitive to chronic environmental
stressors. This article presents an expanded analysis of the morphological features of
fibrotic processes developing in splenic tissue under prolonged PM2.5 exposure. Based
on morphological, histopathological, and immunomorphological data, structural
remodeling of the splenic stroma, excessive collagen deposition, microcirculatory
disturbances, and chronic inflammatory reactions are described. The mechanisms of
fibrogenesis in the spleen under conditions of atmospheric air pollution are discussed,
highlighting the role of oxidative stress, persistent inflammation, and fibroblast
activation. The presented data emphasize the importance of long-term air quality
control for preventing immune organ dysfunction.
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