MODERN APPROACHES TO LABORATORY EVALUATION OF ANEMIAS OF VARIOUS ETIOLOGIES
Keywords:
anemia, laboratory diagnosis, complete blood count, erythrocyte indices, iron metabolism, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, folate deficiency, hemolytic anemia, anemia of chronic disease, differential diagnosisAbstract
Anemias of various etiologies represent one of the most common
hematological problems in clinical practice and are associated with a significant
reduction in patients’ quality of life. The diversity of etiological factors and
pathogenetic mechanisms underlying anemia necessitates the use of a comprehensive
and differentiated laboratory approach to diagnosis. This article reviews modern
laboratory methods for the diagnosis of anemia based on the assessment of complete
blood count parameters, erythrocyte morphology, indicators of iron metabolism,
vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid levels, as well as markers of hemolysis and inflammation.
Particular attention is paid to the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia,
megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and anemia of chronic disease. The
application of modern laboratory technologies improves diagnostic accuracy, enables
timely determination of anemia etiology, and optimizes therapeutic strategies.
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