INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY, LIPID PEROXIDATION, AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE MECHANISMS UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation; antioxidant defense; immunological reactivity; cytokines; reactive oxygen species; stress adaptation; immune regulation; free radicals; redox balance.Abstract
This literature review explores the complex interactions between the
immune system, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense mechanisms under various
stress conditions. The study emphasizes that stress triggers a cascade of biochemical
and physiological responses, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and enhanced lipid peroxidation. These oxidative processes alter
membrane integrity, enzyme activity, and immune cell function. The immune response
under stress is characterized by changes in cytokine profiles, decreased lymphocyte
activity, and dysregulation of humoral and cellular immunity. The review also
highlights the compensatory role of antioxidant systems—such as superoxide
dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase—in maintaining redox homeostasis. A
balance between oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms is crucial for preventing tissue
damage and maintaining immune competence. Understanding the interplay between
immunological reactivity and oxidative stress provides new perspectives for
developing therapeutic and preventive strategies aimed at enhancing the body's
adaptation to stress-related pathologies.
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