LABORATORY BIOMARKERS OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Keywords:
Key words: B12- deficiency anemia, internal Castle factor, macrocytic anemia, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine.Abstract
Annotation. Vitamin B12 is a B vitamin that has an important role in cellular
metabolism, especially in DNA synthesis, methylation and mitochondrial metabolism.
Clinical B12 deficiency with classic haematological and neurological manifestations
is relatively uncommon. However, subclinical deficiency affects between 2.5% and
26% of the general population depending on the definition used, although the clinical
relevance is unclear. B12 deficiency can affect individuals at all ages, but most
particularly elderly individuals. Infants, children, adolescents and women of
reproductive age are also at high risk of deficiency in populations where dietary intake
of B12-containing animal-derived foods is restricted. Deficiency is caused by either
inadequate intake, inadequate bioavailability or malabsorption. Disruption of B12
transport in the blood, or impaired cellular uptake or metabolism causes an
intracellular deficiency. Diagnostic biomarkers for B12 status include decreased levels
of circulating total B12 and transcobalamin-bound B12, and abnormally increased
levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. In this research, we will discuss
vitamin B12 deficiency, various diagnostic tests, and an algorithm used in the
investigation of vitamin B12 deficiency.
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