CLINICAL, LABORATORY, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES
Abstract
Introduction
Respiratory system diseases continue to represent a major challenge in
contemporary medicine due to their high prevalence and significant contribution to
morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Uzbekistan. Numerous reports
indicate that respiratory diseases rank among the leading causes of illness, with
incidence rates increasing approximately 2.5 times in recent years [1]. Pneumonia, in
particular, remains one of the most life-threatening infectious diseases; in 2019 alone,
it was responsible for nearly 2.5 million deaths globally, including about 672,000
pediatric cases [2]. Bronchopulmonary disorders—such as chronic bronchitis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and related conditions—not only
impair patients’ quality of life and work capacity but also substantially increase
disability and mortality rates [3].Bronchopulmonary diseases are characterized by both
local and systemic inflammatory responses. Alterations in immune system function
play a pivotal role in disease development and progression. Previous investigations
have demonstrated that patients with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology often
exhibit reduced immunological reactivity, manifested by decreased T-lymphocyte
counts, disrupted lymphocyte subpopulation balance, diminished natural killer (NK)
cell activity, and abnormalities in immunoglobulin levels [4]. These findings suggest
the presence of secondary immunodeficiency, particularly in patients with severe
disease courses [5], which in turn predisposes them to recurrent infections and
dysregulated inflammatory responses.
Study objective: To evaluate clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and
immunological alterations in patients with bronchopulmonary diseases according to
disease severity, and to perform statistical analysis in order to formulate
evidence-based conclusions and clinical recommendations.
References
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