BOLALARDA METABOLIK SINDROM VA SEMIZLIK (METABOLIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN)
Keywords:
Keywords: metabolic syndrome, childhood obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, early prevention [5, 6]Abstract
Annotation
Metabolic syndrome in children represents a serious and increasing global health
problem closely associated with the rising prevalence of childhood obesity. This
syndrome is defined by a combination of metabolic disorders, including insulin
resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure, which
significantly increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases
in later life. Evidence suggests that unhealthy dietary habits, insufficient physical
activity, genetic factors, and environmental influences play a critical role in the
development of metabolic syndrome during childhood [1, 2]. Early identification and
preventive strategies, such as lifestyle modification and nutritional interventions, are
essential to reduce long-term metabolic and cardiovascular complications and to
improve overall pediatric health outcomes [3, 4].
References
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar
1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. WHO; 2021.
2. Zimmet P., Alberti G., Kaufman F. The metabolic syndrome in children and
adolescents. Lancet. 2007;369(9579):2059–2061.
3. Weiss R., Dziura J., Burgert T.S. et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in
children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2362–2374.
4. Reaven G.M. Insulin resistance: the link between obesity and cardiovascular
disease. Med Clin North Am. 2011;95(5):875–892.
5. Alberti K.G.M.M., Zimmet P., Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome — a new
worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366:1059–1062.
6. Freedman D.S., Mei Z., Srinivasan S.R. et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and
excess adiposity among overweight children. J Pediatr. 2007;150(1):12–17.
7. Han J.C., Lawlor D.A., Kimm S.Y.S. Childhood obesity. Lancet.
2010;375(9727):1737–1748.
8. International Diabetes Federation. IDF consensus definition of metabolic
syndrome in children and adolescents. IDF; 2007.
9. Steinberger J., Daniels S.R., Eckel R.H. et al. Progress and challenges in
metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Circulation. 2009;119:628–
647.
10. Cook S., Weitzman M., Auinger P. et al. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome
phenotype in adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:821–827.
11. Sinha R., Fisch G., Teague B. et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance
among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med.
2002;346:802–810.
12. Caprio S., Santoro N., Weiss R. Childhood obesity and the associated rise in
cardiometabolic complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16:361–372.
13. Morrison J.A., Friedman L.A., Gray-McGuire C. Metabolic syndrome in
childhood predicts adult metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. J Pediatr.
2007;150:20–25.
14. Lobstein T., Jackson-Leach R. Planning for the worst: estimates of obesity and
comorbidities in school-age children. Pediatr Obes. 2016;11(5):321–325.
15. Styne D.M., Arslanian S.A., Connor E.L. et al. Pediatric obesity—assessment,
treatment, and prevention. Endocr Rev. 2017;38(4):276–308.