MELASMA: ZAMONAVIY YECHIMLAR VA TAVSIYALAR
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: giperpigmentatsiya; pigmentatsion buzilishlar; to‘q rangli teri.Abstract
Annotatsiya.
Melazma — bu odatda yuz sohasida kuzatiladigan, simmetrik joylashgan
giperpigmentatsiya bilan tavsiflanadigan, orttirilgan (acquired) teri kasalligidir. Ushbu
holat ayollarda hamda teri fototipi to‘qroq bo‘lgan shaxslarda yuqori uchrash
ko‘rsatkichiga ega. Kasallik patogenezida bir nechta etiologik omillar, jumladan,
yorug‘lik (ayniqsa ultrabinafsha nurlanish) ta’siri, gormonal omillar hamda irsiy
moyillik muhim rol o‘ynashi aniqlangan.
Melazmaning umumiy tarqalish ko‘rsatkichi 1–50% oralig‘ida o‘zgarib turadi,
chunki epidemiologik ma’lumotlar ko‘pincha muayyan geografik hududdagi ma’lum
etnik guruhlar doirasida hisoblab chiqiladi.
Gistologik jihatdan melazma epidermal yoki dermal qatlamlarda
pigmentatsiyaning ortishi, melanotsitlarning kattalashuvi, melanosomalar sonining
ko‘payishi, solar elastoz, dermal qon tomirlarining ko‘payishi hamda ayrim hollarda
perivaskulyar limfogistiositar infiltratlar bilan namoyon bo‘lishi mumkin.
Melazmani davolashda turli xil topikal, peroral va protseduraviy terapiya
usullari muvaffaqiyatli qo‘llanilgan. An’anaviy topikal preparatlar qatoriga
gidroxinon, tretinoin, kortikosteroidlar hamda uch komponentli kombinatsiyalangan
kremlar kiradi. Shuningdek, boshqa sintetik va tabiiy topikal vositalar ham turli
darajadagi samaradorlikni namoyon etgan. Melazmani davolashda istiqbolli peroral
terapiya vositalari qatoriga traneksamik kislota, Polypodium leucotomos va glutation
kiradi. Kimyoviy piling, mikroneedling, radiochastotali muolajalar hamda lazer
terapiyasi kabi protsedural usullar ham melazmani davolashda asosiy yoki qo‘shimcha
(ad’yuvant) davolash sifatida keng qo‘llaniladi.
Ta’kidlash joizki, bir xil davolash usuli doirasida yoki turli terapevtik
yo‘nalishlar kombinatsiyasida qo‘llaniladigan muolajalar monoterapiyaga nisbatan,
odatda, yuqoriroq samaradorlik ko‘rsatadi. Mazkur sharh maqola melazmaning epidemiologiyasi, patogenezi, klinik va
gistologik xususiyatlari hamda ushbu keng tarqalgan, biroq davolash nuqtai nazaridan
murakkab bo‘lgan kasallikni boshqarish usullari haqidagi zamonaviy ilmiy
qarashlarning keng qamrovli yangilangan tahlilini taqdim etadi.
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