КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ И ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ОБОСТРЕНИЙ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ЛЁГКИХ
Keywords:
Ключевые слова: ХОБЛ, обострение, патогенез, воспаление, клиническое течение, прогноз, профилактика, лечение.Abstract
Аннотация
Хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких (ХОБЛ) остаётся одной из
наиболее распространённых и социально значимых патологий дыхательной
системы, характеризующейся прогрессирующим ограничением воздушного
потока и хроническим воспалением дыхательных путей. Обострения ХОБЛ
играют ключевую роль в прогрессировании заболевания, влияя на частоту
госпитализаций, ухудшение функции лёгких и качество жизни пациентов.
Каждый эпизод обострения способствует дальнейшему снижению показателей
ОФВ1, повышает системное воспаление и увеличивает риск смертности. В
статье рассматриваются современные представления о патогенезе обострений,
их клиническое значение и влияние на прогноз заболевания. Освещаются
факторы риска, патофизиологические механизмы, а также современные методы
профилактики и терапии обострений, направленные на снижение их частоты и
тяжести. Подчёркивается необходимость индивидуализированного подхода к
ведению пациентов с ХОБЛ для повышения эффективности лечения и
улучшения долгосрочного прогноза.
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