GERMANIYANING YASHIL IQTISODIYOTI TRANSFORMATSIYASI (2020–2025 YY.): ENERGETIKA TARKIBI, IQLIM SIYOSATI VA DEKARBONIZATSIYA YO‘LIDAGI TO‘SIQLAR TAHLILI
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: Energiewende, qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalari, dekarbonizatsiya, iqlim neytralligi, yashil iqtisodiyot transformatsiyasi, quyosh fotovoltaikasi, shamol energetikasi, Kernnetz, Atomausstieg, SuedLink, Smart Grid, redispetcherlash, KTF inqirozi, milliy emissiya savdosi tizimi (nEHS), CO2 solig‘i, dekapling, SMARD, Osterpaket.Abstract
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada Germaniyaning 2020–2025-yillardagi yashil iqtisodiyot
transformatsiyasi, “Energiewende” strategiyasining borishi va dekarbonizatsiya
yo‘lidagi tizimli to‘siqlar kompleks tahlil qilinadi. Federal tarmoq agentligi (SMARD)
va Atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish federal boshqarmasi (UBA) ma’lumotlariga
tayangan holda, qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalarining (QTEM) ulushi 2025-yil
yakuniga ko‘ra energiya ishlab chiqarish bo‘yicha 58,8% ga yetganligi tahlil qilingan.
Maqolada ko‘mir energetikasining qisqarishi hamda 2023-yilda yadro energetikasidan
to‘liq voz kechish (Atomausstieg) sharoitida milliy energiya xavfsizligini ta’minlash
masalalari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, shimoldagi shamol energiyasini janubdagi sanoat
markazlariga yetkazishdagi SuedLink va boshqa elektr tarmoqlari cheklovlari hamda
buning natijasida yuzaga kelayotgan redispetcherlash xarajatlari o‘rganilgan.
Germaniya iqlim va transformatsiya jamg‘armasi (KTF) byudjetidagi 60 milliard
yevrolik defitsitning yashil subsidiyalarga salbiy ta’siri, milliy vodorod
infratuzilmasini (Kernnetz) yaratish rejalari hamda iqtisodiy o‘sish va CO2 chiqindilari
o‘rtasidagi “dekapling” gipotezasi empirik tarzda baholangan.
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