THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUGGLE OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S “THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA”
Keywords:
Keywords: Santiago, psychological struggle, perseverance, symbolism, Hemingway, human dignity, suffering.Abstract
Annotation. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the psychological
struggle of Santiago, the main character in Ernest Hemingway’s novella “The Old Man
and the Sea”. Using a qualitative and descriptive methodology, the study examines
Santiago’s emotional strength, inner dialogue, symbolic battle with the marlin, and the
philosophical message of perseverance. The findings demonstrate that Hemingway
constructs Santiago as a universal image of human dignity, moral courage, and spiritual
endurance, proving that victory is not measured by material gain but by inner
resilience.
References
References
1. Hemingway, Ernest. “The Old Man and the Sea.” New York: Scribner, 1952.
2. Bloom, Harold. “Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea.” Philadelphia:
Chelsea House Publishers, 2003.
3. Benson, Jackson J. “Hemingway: The Writer’s Art of Self-Defense.” Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 1990.
4. Young, Philip. “Ernest Hemingway: A Reconsideration.” Pennsylvania State
University Press, 1966.
5. Baker, Carlos. “Hemingway: The Writer as Artist.” Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1972.
