THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING
Keywords:
Keywords: Second Language Acquisition, Psychological Factors, Motivation, Language Anxiety, Self-Confidence, Learner Autonomy, Foreign Language Learning, Educational PsychologyAbstract
Abstract: Second language learning is a complex and multidimensional process
influenced not only by linguistic input and instructional methods, but also by a wide
range of psychological factors. In recent decades, research in applied linguistics and
educational psychology has increasingly emphasized the importance of learners’
cognitive, affective, and motivational characteristics in determining success in second
language acquisition. This article explores the role of psychological factors in second
language learning, with a particular focus on motivation, anxiety, self-confidence, and
learner autonomy, which are considered essential components in effective language
teaching and learning.
Motivation is widely recognized as one of the most influential psychological
factors in second language learning. Learners who possess strong intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation tend to demonstrate higher levels of engagement, persistence, and
achievement. Intrinsic motivation, which stems from personal interest and enjoyment,
encourages learners to actively participate in language activities, while extrinsic
motivation, such as academic requirements or career goals, provides external
reinforcement. This study highlights how teachers can foster motivation by creating
supportive learning environments, setting clear objectives, and incorporating
meaningful and communicative tasks into classroom instruction.
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