ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHO-OBSTRUCTIVE SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
Keywords:
Keywords: broncho-obstructive syndrome, children, risk factors, acute bronchitis, asthma, epidemiologyAbstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Broncho-obstructive syndrome (BOS) is a common complication
of acute lower respiratory diseases in children and is associated with an increased risk
of bronchial asthma.
Objective: To identify and systematize risk factors contributing to the
development of BOS in children with acute obstructive bronchitis (AOB).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study included 912 children aged 2 months to
5 years hospitalized from 2012 to 2015. Group 1 consisted of 494 children with BOS
on the background of AOB, while Group 2 included 418 children with acute bronchitis
without obstruction. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square (χ²)
test.
Results: Among 49 identified factors, 28 were statistically significant. Major
risk factors included male gender, older age, allergic predisposition, atopic dermatitis,
thymomegaly, passive smoking, early artificial feeding, and seasonal factors (winter
and spring). Predisposing factors included frequent respiratory infections, rickets,
prematurity, adverse environmental conditions, and delayed medical care.
Conclusion: BOS development in children is multifactorial. Identification of
modifiable risk factors enables early prevention and reduces the likelihood of
progression to bronchial asthma.
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